The sinuses are like air cavities lined with mucous membranes, which are found in the bones of the skull around the nose. These sinuses play an important role in humidifying the air we breathe and purifying it of pollutants. They also contribute to the sense of smell, but what if these sinuses turn into a source of nuisance and pain?

How does sinusitis occur?

Sinusitis occurs when the mucous membranes lining the sinuses become inflamed and swollen, causing mucus to accumulate and block the respiratory passages.

What are the causes of sinusitis?
There are many causes of sinusitis, including:

Viral infections: This includes colds and flu, which are the most common causes of sinusitis.
Bacterial infections: These are less common than viral infections, but may require antibiotics for treatment.
Allergies: Allergies can also lead to inflammation and swelling of the mucous membranes, which increases the risk of sinusitis.
Recurrent rhinitis: Excessive use of nasal sprays (decongestants) may lead to recurrent rhinitis, which increases the risk of sinusitis.
Chronic diseases: such as asthma and cystic fibrosis, can increase the risk of sinusitis.
Structural abnormalities: Such as a deviated nasal septum, can obstruct the drainage of mucus from the sinuses, increasing the risk of sinusitis.
Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of sinusitis and makes it more difficult to treat.

What are the symptoms of sinusitis?
Symptoms of sinusitis vary to include:

- Nasal obstruction: causing difficulty breathing through the nose.
- Runny nose: the presence of thick mucous fluid from the nose.
- Facial pain: Pain or pressure may be felt around the eyes, cheeks, nose, or forehead.
- Fever: high body temperature.
- Fatigue: feeling exhausted.
- Cough: It increases, especially at night.
- Loss of sense of smell: Some people may suffer from difficulty smelling or temporarily lose their sense of smell.

What are the types of sinusitis?
Sinusitis is divided into two main types:

- Acute sinusitis: lasts less than 8 weeks.
- Chronic sinusitis: lasts more than 12 weeks.

When should you go to see a doctor?
It is recommended to visit a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:

_ Symptoms of sinusitis that last for more than 10 days.
_ Severe symptoms such as high fever or severe pain in the face.
_ difficulty breathing.
_ Swelling or redness around the eyes.
_ vision changes.
_ Feeling confused or changes in mental state.

How is sinusitis diagnosed?
The diagnosis of sinusitis depends on the doctor's skills and experience, as the diagnosis usually includes the following:

- Medical history: The doctor will learn about your symptoms, medical history, and risk factors.
- Physical examination: The doctor examines your nose, ears, and throat to check for any signs of infection or inflammation.
- Imaging tests: Your doctor may order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan.


How can you avoid sinus infections?

- You must first avoid exposure to the causes of allergies: It is recommended to avoid direct exposure to factors that may trigger your allergies, such as dust, insects, and exhaust.

- Use prescribed moisturizers and sprays: Regular use of doctor-prescribed moisturizers and sprays can help relieve symptoms and soothe.

- Maintaining nasal cleanliness: It is recommended to clean the nose regularly using lukewarm water and salt to remove secretions and particles irritating.

- Appropriate medical treatment: It is recommended to consult medically and periodically follow up with a specialist doctor to obtain appropriate treatment and ensure complete recovery.

Therefore, sinus infections are a common health problem that must be dealt with seriously. Patients must also understand the causes of this disease and follow appropriate preventive steps to avoid exposure to it. Medical consultation should also be made if symptoms appear to obtain an appropriate diagnosis and treatment.